The SEA is a tool for preliminary analysis of the effects of the implementation of certain plans and programs that may have a significant impact on the environment and was introduced by Directive 2001/42/EC.

The SEA aims to ensure high levels of environmental protection and to promote the active participation of government and local communities in decision-making. The SEA facilitates consultation with the regions, local authorities and citizens to promote sustainable development.
In Italy, the Directive has been transposed by Part II of Legislative Decree no. 152 of 04/03/2006 "Environmental Regulations", which, after two extensions, entered into force July 31, 2007, and was subsequently amended by Legislative Decree no. n. 4 of 01.16.2008.